The long answer.
And also what a flavor claim is.
I mean, "flavor" to me sounds like it's about taste/aroma lol
hmm aight loll
okay so the most basic form of a role in mafia is usually called a "vanilla". this is a simple town role with no abilities and with a standard 1 voting power.
a vanilla game in mafia will have multiple vanilla townie roles and could also include generic roles like vanilla cop, doctor, roleblocker etc. your role pm will tell you whether you are a vanilla town, or cop, or doctor. etc.. it will be bland. you just get the role and what it does. the role itself have no "flavor" behind it.
think of it like a vanilla icecream is the most generic/basic icecream.
games that r more complex can typically add another layer to the game and assign "flavor" to the roles. the flavor in this game for instance is doctor gray man. so the roles in this game will be assigned to characters from doctor grey man. they will not longer just be vanilla town, vanilla cop, etc..rather there will actually be a character name that does the cop job. thats the flavor name of the cop role this game.
for claiming:
if u say "i am a cop" you are role claiming the vanilla version of a role. you are basically saying what you are in the simplest way possible, hence not a flavor claim.
howver if you say "i am so and so character name" then you are considered flavor claiming and revealing information about the flavor assigned to your role.
when i say i do not know the flavor, it means i have no idea about the character names or the story of this show.
generally in flavored games, the main characters in the show will get stronger roles. the side characters get weaker ones. the good characters in the show can often times be town in the game, but not always. while vice versa for the bad characters in the show.
tldr - flavor is the theme/show/movie or anything that you are assigning to the roles of the game/gameplay
flavor claiming is revealing your character name. not the role name.
you playes the united nation game right?
flavor in that game was - United nation counties
flavor claiming in that game was saying "i am the united states"
role claiming is saying "i am a doctor"
hope this all makes sense lol