800 years ago, the World Governament was officially founded and 19 Monarchs moved to the top of the Red Line.
Legends say that the Red Line was also called the Land of the Gods even before the Celestial Dragons settled there, since it was the home of the Lunarians: an extremely resilient race, whose abilities to withstand extreme natural conditions, fly and conjure fire, made them admired as true divine beings...
It's no wonder that, with these peculiar abilities, the Lunarians were admired in such way. Especially in ancient times.
But today the Lunarian race is almost exctinct, with Alber as the only known exception. If there are a few more survivors around the world, as Vegapunk theorizes, they seem to simply hide from the public, careful on not revealing their nature and choosing a secret, isolated life. This is because, to this day, the World Govt. is still eager to pay 100,000,000 Berries for every information on the Lunarians whereabouts.
Alber himself used to dress completely covered so to be as little recognizable as possible, and when his race was exposed he quickly got enraged and killed all his men...
Now, the perserverance of the Celestial Dragons in finishing off the Lunarians, plus their renowned ability to survive in every possible environment, makes me think that the Lunarian exctinction didn't happen because of natural events but because the Governament has been hunting them down throughout the last 8 centuries.
I know that this might be a common assumption in the community, but I decided to theorize a bit deeper. I'll just go ahead and say it:
I think that most of the Lunarians were extermineted on top of the Red Line, in their home, when the 19 Noble Houses settled there. That, later, started the triennal recurrence of the Olympic Game of the Celestial Dragons: the Native Hunting Competition.
To elaborate a bit more this theory: I think that after winning the war against the Ancient Kingdom, the 19 Monarchs decided that the best way to elevate themseves to the status of Gods was to overthrow the Gods of that time, the Lunarians (who probably sided with the Ancient Kingdom during the conflict). They raided the Red Line and killed everybody up there to officialize their supremacy, estabilishing themselves as the World's Creators we know today. It's evident that few Lunarians managed to escape, but most of them probably died during that event.
This genocide was probably not carried out in the celebratory/sporting manner with which it is carried out today by the Celestial Dragons during the Competition, but rather was a true military-style massacre. Only later, to glorify their origins, did the Noble Families turn it into a game useful both for satisfying their most perverse desires and for annexing countries under their control.
To summarize: I think that the massacre on the Red Line officially ended the Void Century, marked the victory of the 19 Monarchs, laid the roots of World Govt. (including the construction of Mary Geoise) and began the tradition of the Native Hunting Competition.