I was on your side for a bit (because I forgot about those Wano panels), but you have to admit that Oda retconned that scene into being haki after you see that Wano panel.
Meaning: Zoro used haki in pre timeskip.
Probably not consistently, but in clutch moments like against Mr 1, Zoro used armament haki to cut through his iron.
So yes, from that perspective, Zoro could injure logias too.
However, Oda didn't have haki though out back then, and this is just a retcon.
So it's a weird situation.
Pre timeskip Oda would have never made Zoro injure a logia.
But if we look at Zoro vs Mr 1 scenario from a Post-Wano framework, then technically Zoro should be able to injure a logia if he uses the same haki he used against Mr 1
Whether you like it or not, retcons are part of the author's vision, and the author's vision transcends your own vision. So if Oda retrospectively decided that Zoro used haki during his fight with Mr 1, then you should accept it.
We can't speak for the author though, you're assuming that he created Logias without creating their counter, you're assuming back then He didn't think of Haki even though its literally mentioned by Blackbeard on their next Island couple volumes after Mr. 1 Fight,
You're assuming Zoro unlocked Observation Haki in that fight, even though He couldn't sense Ohm behind the wall in following Arc, same Arc where their opponents had Mantra,
That Wano Panel simply confirms what Koushirou taught Zoro, but nothing says that's how Zoro achieved such Feats,
Why don't you apply your logic the other way, who did you see talk about Breath coming from objects beside Zoro?
Koushirou talked about a Feat, He didn't explain how it's achieved, then Hyogoro said that They have a Power which is Adv. CoA that allows them to perform such Feat, nothing says its the only way,
Zoro also against Mr. 1 didn't just learn how to Cut him, He also mastered one-sword style, sword draw technique, and following arc revealed He cd send flying slashes too, that means against Mr. 1, Zoro learned both Gentle Blade and Strong Blade Masteries, is that Haki too?
My point is, no need to assume everything we can't answer as a retconn, just be patient and we will learn how such Feats were possible,
Zoro already explained it as Breath Sensing, neither Wano nor another Arc explained how can things have their own Breath without being touched even though only living beings have Haki.