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All of this is just what I recall and read, I'm no expert. So don't take my word as the word of God.
Simple answer, the Cambrian Explosion is currently viewed less dramatically than before but still signifciantly. There's plenty of Ediacaran Biota, life in the period right before the Cambrian, and it seems like this is a case of Preservation Bias where more things are fossilized thus conclusions are met.
But it did seem to undoubtablely cause unprecedented amounts of diversity. What I've heard is that minerals in the ocean from plate tectonics to gases in the ocean helped kick it off and when life became sufficiently "advanced", plenty of niches opened up. When there's available niches for life to fill, life tends to expand and fill them quickly. So, my simple and probably more-than-half-wrong answer is at that point, life developed to the stage where it could run instead of crawl.
Dinosaurs in the Triassic were pretty small for awhile.
Eoraptor is an early representative of dinosaurs as they would be—bipedal, likely insectivores.
I think they got so big because they were very well optimized animals. Most have a form of airsacs in their bones to help lighten their bodies but unlike the popular imagination, bird bones are no weaker than similarly sized mammilian bones. So they had strong and light skeletons, powerful 4 chamber hearts that helped with breathing.
Simple answer, the Cambrian Explosion is currently viewed less dramatically than before but still signifciantly. There's plenty of Ediacaran Biota, life in the period right before the Cambrian, and it seems like this is a case of Preservation Bias where more things are fossilized thus conclusions are met.
But it did seem to undoubtablely cause unprecedented amounts of diversity. What I've heard is that minerals in the ocean from plate tectonics to gases in the ocean helped kick it off and when life became sufficiently "advanced", plenty of niches opened up. When there's available niches for life to fill, life tends to expand and fill them quickly. So, my simple and probably more-than-half-wrong answer is at that point, life developed to the stage where it could run instead of crawl.
Dinosaurs in the Triassic were pretty small for awhile.
Eoraptor is an early representative of dinosaurs as they would be—bipedal, likely insectivores.
I think they got so big because they were very well optimized animals. Most have a form of airsacs in their bones to help lighten their bodies but unlike the popular imagination, bird bones are no weaker than similarly sized mammilian bones. So they had strong and light skeletons, powerful 4 chamber hearts that helped with breathing.
I know that food supply and oxygen were two factors.
I watched a documentary.
It said that when there was simple life on earth then there was a time when Earth witnessed its biggest Ice Age.
But when that Ice age disappeared (inter glacial period kicked in) there was jump towards complex bigger animals for some reason. I think that was Cambrian explosion.
So why and how it happened?
Then later dinosaurs came in?
How they evolved from smaller organisms? And, why only dinosarus became big? Why not other animals became so huge?
I watched a documentary.
It said that when there was simple life on earth then there was a time when Earth witnessed its biggest Ice Age.
But when that Ice age disappeared (inter glacial period kicked in) there was jump towards complex bigger animals for some reason. I think that was Cambrian explosion.
So why and how it happened?
Then later dinosaurs came in?
How they evolved from smaller organisms? And, why only dinosarus became big? Why not other animals became so huge?
I've heard that the heightened C02 in the environment at certain periods supplied more food for herbivores which drove carnivores to get bigger. More oxygen sounds like a very arthropodin method instead. I've also seen it said that laying eggs versus live birth was an important dynamic. Which can make some sense.
So this channel is entirely snippets from Palentologists (and in older videos one of the Greens?) and gives pretty good, short answers for why things might be the way they are.
If you can't watch, the lady basically sums it down to plankton and the increase of O2 in the ocean and the abundance of erosion that supplied minerals to the ocean. And from this Palentology Podcast I listen to, The Common Descent, I recall them saying the erosion was due to 'Snowball Earth" as glaciers went over mountains and that much. I can't pull a specific quote because those podcast episodes are 2 hours in length.
Well, a lot happened between the Cambrian Explosion. You had 3 major Mass Extinctions including the worst Mass Extinction ever before Dinosaurs came about. And within I think, about 10 million years of that Mass Extinction (The Permian), Ichyosaurs were reaching massive sizes.
To put this into perspective, they were alive 244 million years ago. The Permian Mass Extinction was at 251 million years ago and caused the following;
Ichyosaurs are marine reptiles that evolved about 2 million years after the Mass Extinction and by 7 million years after it attained 17 meter sizes, basically whales. But in a fraction of the time. Which is insane and shows this isn't just a dinosaur thing.
So other animals did become big. But the video I linked earlier credited Dinosaurs getting big to their skeletal structure and the fact they laid eggs. Mammal gestation is costly in comparison to egg laying.
Though it should also be said outside of Sauropods—the long necks—most dinosaurs topped out at around large elephant size to rivalling the biggest mammals of all time in weight. So if we get rid of the biggest category, the only thing Mammals lack is variety. We do have dinosaur heavy animals alive today and had some that were just as heavy as their heaviest non-Saurpods.
If you can't watch, the lady basically sums it down to plankton and the increase of O2 in the ocean and the abundance of erosion that supplied minerals to the ocean. And from this Palentology Podcast I listen to, The Common Descent, I recall them saying the erosion was due to 'Snowball Earth" as glaciers went over mountains and that much. I can't pull a specific quote because those podcast episodes are 2 hours in length.
Well, a lot happened between the Cambrian Explosion. You had 3 major Mass Extinctions including the worst Mass Extinction ever before Dinosaurs came about. And within I think, about 10 million years of that Mass Extinction (The Permian), Ichyosaurs were reaching massive sizes.
To put this into perspective, they were alive 244 million years ago. The Permian Mass Extinction was at 251 million years ago and caused the following;
Ichyosaurs are marine reptiles that evolved about 2 million years after the Mass Extinction and by 7 million years after it attained 17 meter sizes, basically whales. But in a fraction of the time. Which is insane and shows this isn't just a dinosaur thing.
So other animals did become big. But the video I linked earlier credited Dinosaurs getting big to their skeletal structure and the fact they laid eggs. Mammal gestation is costly in comparison to egg laying.
Though it should also be said outside of Sauropods—the long necks—most dinosaurs topped out at around large elephant size to rivalling the biggest mammals of all time in weight. So if we get rid of the biggest category, the only thing Mammals lack is variety. We do have dinosaur heavy animals alive today and had some that were just as heavy as their heaviest non-Saurpods.
All of this is just what I recall and read, I'm no expert. So don't take my word as the word of God.
Simple answer, the Cambrian Explosion is currently viewed less dramatically than before but still signifciantly. There's plenty of Ediacaran Biota, life in the period right before the Cambrian, and it seems like this is a case of Preservation Bias where more things are fossilized thus conclusions are met.
But it did seem to undoubtablely cause unprecedented amounts of diversity. What I've heard is that minerals in the ocean from plate tectonics to gases in the ocean helped kick it off and when life became sufficiently "advanced", plenty of niches opened up. When there's available niches for life to fill, life tends to expand and fill them quickly. So, my simple and probably more-than-half-wrong answer is at that point, life developed to the stage where it could run instead of crawl.
Dinosaurs in the Triassic were pretty small for awhile.
Eoraptor is an early representative of dinosaurs as they would be—bipedal, likely insectivores.
I think they got so big because they were very well optimized animals. Most have a form of airsacs in their bones to help lighten their bodies but unlike the popular imagination, bird bones are no weaker than similarly sized mammilian bones. So they had strong and light skeletons, powerful 4 chamber hearts that helped with breathing.
Simple answer, the Cambrian Explosion is currently viewed less dramatically than before but still signifciantly. There's plenty of Ediacaran Biota, life in the period right before the Cambrian, and it seems like this is a case of Preservation Bias where more things are fossilized thus conclusions are met.
But it did seem to undoubtablely cause unprecedented amounts of diversity. What I've heard is that minerals in the ocean from plate tectonics to gases in the ocean helped kick it off and when life became sufficiently "advanced", plenty of niches opened up. When there's available niches for life to fill, life tends to expand and fill them quickly. So, my simple and probably more-than-half-wrong answer is at that point, life developed to the stage where it could run instead of crawl.
Dinosaurs in the Triassic were pretty small for awhile.
Eoraptor is an early representative of dinosaurs as they would be—bipedal, likely insectivores.
I think they got so big because they were very well optimized animals. Most have a form of airsacs in their bones to help lighten their bodies but unlike the popular imagination, bird bones are no weaker than similarly sized mammilian bones. So they had strong and light skeletons, powerful 4 chamber hearts that helped with breathing.
During that Ice age, almost whole Earth including Tropics was covered under thick sheets of Ice.
Not only it would have been detrimental for life forms of that time due to extreme low temperature and very limited food but any minerals or gases released due to Plate Tectonics or from ocean would have remained trapped under the ice.
Also, from whom dinosaurs inherited the genes of airsacs and lighter bone? It seem like adaptation mechanism so who were the ancestors of Dinosaurs from whom they inherited the genes?
And, thanks for answering the question in detail.
The big problem of soft tissue or blood cells from dinosaurs because many people and scientists don’t think blood cell or soft tissue last million years . Mary discovery of T. rex blood cell create sh#t show in media, news, and scientists. Many scientists think it is almost impossible for blood cell to survive million years .
First they say it is not dinosaurs blood cell. Then, They made explanations why blood cell are found in dinosaurs fossil like it is caused by bacteria.
Link : https://www.science.org/content/art...e-paleontologist-stares-down-critics-her-hunt
“Others are harsher, and suggest that Schweitzer's protein pieces come from bacteria or contaminants.”
You can read the link to show brief history of Mary and people react to blood cell from dinosaurs news.
Now we liter found dinosaur DNA . Yep it is real .
Link : https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/473799
Generally dna don’t last million years old usually let alone 75 million years old
How long dna last : https://www.livescience.com/38150-dna-degradation-rate.html
First they say it is not dinosaurs blood cell. Then, They made explanations why blood cell are found in dinosaurs fossil like it is caused by bacteria.
Link : https://www.science.org/content/art...e-paleontologist-stares-down-critics-her-hunt
“Others are harsher, and suggest that Schweitzer's protein pieces come from bacteria or contaminants.”
You can read the link to show brief history of Mary and people react to blood cell from dinosaurs news.
Now we liter found dinosaur DNA . Yep it is real .
Link : https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/473799
Generally dna don’t last million years old usually let alone 75 million years old
How long dna last : https://www.livescience.com/38150-dna-degradation-rate.html
Snowball Earth is a topic that, to my understanding, has a lot of theories and the total extent of the coverage and consistency of it is really up to debate. What I understand is that extremophiles managed to live during this time period in the most devastating of situations and likely large igneous provinces is what broke apart the Snowball Earth(s) — if 2 snowball earth events happened, all up for debate.
Due to the the wide spread glaciacian on land, when the snows melted a lot of that was deposited in the sea as nutrients which gave life a steroid boost. "Snowball Earth" more or less ends at the beginning of the Ediacaran which is the geologic era right before the Cambrian. It's also when we get real evidence of complex, multi-cellular life.
^^ Just to show you the time span and the different theories.
Due to the the wide spread glaciacian on land, when the snows melted a lot of that was deposited in the sea as nutrients which gave life a steroid boost. "Snowball Earth" more or less ends at the beginning of the Ediacaran which is the geologic era right before the Cambrian. It's also when we get real evidence of complex, multi-cellular life.
^^ Just to show you the time span and the different theories.
@Pantheos' FC @Peroroncino
When will be your match?
I bet 20 bucks on Pero, are you really in good shape bonbon?
When will be your match?
I bet 20 bucks on Pero, are you really in good shape bonbon?
So this channel is entirely snippets from Palentologists (and in older videos one of the Greens?) and gives pretty good, short answers for why things might be the way they are.
If you can't watch, the lady basically sums it down to plankton and the increase of O2 in the ocean and the abundance of erosion that supplied minerals to the ocean. And from this Palentology Podcast I listen to, The Common Descent, I recall them saying the erosion was due to 'Snowball Earth" as glaciers went over mountains and that much. I can't pull a specific quote because those podcast episodes are 2 hours in length.
Well, a lot happened between the Cambrian Explosion. You had 3 major Mass Extinctions including the worst Mass Extinction ever before Dinosaurs came about. And within I think, about 10 million years of that Mass Extinction (The Permian), Ichyosaurs were reaching massive sizes.
To put this into perspective, they were alive 244 million years ago. The Permian Mass Extinction was at 251 million years ago and caused the following;
Ichyosaurs are marine reptiles that evolved about 2 million years after the Mass Extinction and by 7 million years after it attained 17 meter sizes, basically whales. But in a fraction of the time. Which is insane and shows this isn't just a dinosaur thing.
So other animals did become big. But the video I linked earlier credited Dinosaurs getting big to their skeletal structure and the fact they laid eggs. Mammal gestation is costly in comparison to egg laying.
Though it should also be said outside of Sauropods—the long necks—most dinosaurs topped out at around large elephant size to rivalling the biggest mammals of all time in weight. So if we get rid of the biggest category, the only thing Mammals lack is variety. We do have dinosaur heavy animals alive today and had some that were just as heavy as their heaviest non-Saurpods.
If you can't watch, the lady basically sums it down to plankton and the increase of O2 in the ocean and the abundance of erosion that supplied minerals to the ocean. And from this Palentology Podcast I listen to, The Common Descent, I recall them saying the erosion was due to 'Snowball Earth" as glaciers went over mountains and that much. I can't pull a specific quote because those podcast episodes are 2 hours in length.
Well, a lot happened between the Cambrian Explosion. You had 3 major Mass Extinctions including the worst Mass Extinction ever before Dinosaurs came about. And within I think, about 10 million years of that Mass Extinction (The Permian), Ichyosaurs were reaching massive sizes.
To put this into perspective, they were alive 244 million years ago. The Permian Mass Extinction was at 251 million years ago and caused the following;
Ichyosaurs are marine reptiles that evolved about 2 million years after the Mass Extinction and by 7 million years after it attained 17 meter sizes, basically whales. But in a fraction of the time. Which is insane and shows this isn't just a dinosaur thing.
So other animals did become big. But the video I linked earlier credited Dinosaurs getting big to their skeletal structure and the fact they laid eggs. Mammal gestation is costly in comparison to egg laying.
Though it should also be said outside of Sauropods—the long necks—most dinosaurs topped out at around large elephant size to rivalling the biggest mammals of all time in weight. So if we get rid of the biggest category, the only thing Mammals lack is variety. We do have dinosaur heavy animals alive today and had some that were just as heavy as their heaviest non-Saurpods.
All I understood so far is (correct me if I am wrong)
Ice age kicked in
O2 release + minerals release due to Glacial erosion
Inter Galcial period kicked in
Minerals fueld food supply and high amount of Oxygen triggered Cambrian explosion
Gradually bigger animals evolved.
Dinosaurs became big because they laid eggs and had Skeleton advantage. Thus, their body structure was more adapt to grow bigger to take advantage of large amount of food supply and Oxygen rich atmosphere
So all Saurischian dinosaur seems to have inherited airsacs from their common ancestor since both have them.
I actually can't find anything for Ornithiscans, but I've always been under the assumption hollow bones was a basal state for dinosaurs. So that's curious.
I also know pterosaurs had some hollow bones and air sacs but since Ornithiscians didn't, it's likely
1) Ornithiscians secondarily lost both traits
2) Pterosaurs evolved them independently
Both aren't out of the norm considering how Pterosaurs went on to fly and needed lighter skeletons and bodies but also that dinosaurs have a habit of evolving something then losing it. Feather versus scale is a good example.
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I guess I really need to watch the documentary to connect the dots because it's giving over my head
All I understood so far is (correct me if I am wrong)
Ice age kicked in
O2 release + minerals release due to Glacial erosion
Inter Galcial period kicked in
Minerals fueld food supply and high amount of Oxygen triggered Cambrian explosion
Gradually bigger animals evolved.
Dinosaurs became big because they laid eggs and had Skeleton advantage. Thus, their body structure was more adapt to grow bigger to take advantage of large amount of food supply and Oxygen rich atmosphere
All I understood so far is (correct me if I am wrong)
Ice age kicked in
O2 release + minerals release due to Glacial erosion
Inter Galcial period kicked in
Minerals fueld food supply and high amount of Oxygen triggered Cambrian explosion
Gradually bigger animals evolved.
Dinosaurs became big because they laid eggs and had Skeleton advantage. Thus, their body structure was more adapt to grow bigger to take advantage of large amount of food supply and Oxygen rich atmosphere
The Common Descent is a podcast run by two paleontologists who'll spend about 3 weeks researching a topic then breaking it down. So you might get something from this. To my knowledge, they tend to mention interesting / plausible theories but stick to the most likely theories to break down over their episodes.
Snowball Earth is a topic that, to my understanding, has a lot of theories and the total extent of the coverage and consistency of it is really up to debate. What I understand is that extremophiles managed to live during this time period in the most devastating of situations and likely large igneous provinces is what broke apart the Snowball Earth(s) — if 2 snowball earth events happened, all up for debate.
Due to the the wide spread glaciacian on land, when the snows melted a lot of that was deposited in the sea as nutrients which gave life a steroid boost. "Snowball Earth" more or less ends at the beginning of the Ediacaran which is the geologic era right before the Cambrian. It's also when we get real evidence of complex, multi-cellular life.
^^ Just to show you the time span and the different theories.
Due to the the wide spread glaciacian on land, when the snows melted a lot of that was deposited in the sea as nutrients which gave life a steroid boost. "Snowball Earth" more or less ends at the beginning of the Ediacaran which is the geologic era right before the Cambrian. It's also when we get real evidence of complex, multi-cellular life.
^^ Just to show you the time span and the different theories.
So it was glacial erosion during Ice ages that led to depositions of minerals later on when glacial melted.
These excessive nutrients played role in explosion.
Kind of like Algae Bloom we have these days.
Pero won't stand a chance 🤭
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