Sorry but in MAINSTREAM media (in the USA) the only characters aside from the main cast I think people would recognize from OP would be Mihawk, Doflamingo, Whitebeard, Shanks, Big Mom, and either one of the 3 Admirals (Aokiji, Akainu, Kizaru). Blackbeard maybe by extension from Whitebeard?
OP is so long and has so many characters and they come back every now and then but they kinda share screen time. Also a lot of them are ugly, Vegapunk is an eye sore.
Non-comprehensive list of the current mainstream villains:
Frieza, Buu, Cell, Beerus, Broly, Itachi, Pain, at least one of the Akatsuki by name, Gaara, Orochimaru, at least one of the Titan Shifters from the first 2 seasons. Vegeta and Sasuke are a given.
And recognizable (meaning able to describe at least one aspect of the character but not their name):
Doflamingo, Big Mom, Madara, Ryuk, Aizen, DIO, Sukuna, Mahito, Geto Suguru, Hisoka, Yujiro Hanma, Griffith.
A couple villains that I remember being popular when their anime was airing:
Makima, any of the Jojo main villains, at least one of the demons from Demon Slayer by name, Endeavor, the hand guy from MHA, Meruem, and Garou.
No I do not think anything in Super past the multiverse tournament arc is "memorable" or "iconic". Jiren, the goat guy, and anyone else after are not really in the mainstream anymore. Goku Black is arguably more famous still.
Nobody knows about Rob Lucci or fucking Katakuri. Some people may know about Enel and Crocodile because of their powers.
These villains, minus the OP villains, get lots of screen time in proportion to the length of the show, therefore is most remembered by people who have either watched it once on a one night stand or it was playing at a friend's house, or your friend keeps sending you reels of X show. Forget depth or "well written", these are characters that people who have not actually seen the show would likely recognize and their vague backstory/powers. These are de facto SEEN by the most people.
If you say some shit like Krollo or Saint Seiya or Moro or any of the Sternritters you are on crack because these IPs might be famous but their villains may not be. I remember Fairy Tail and SAO having a hayday but who remembers any of the characters at this point?