Yes and no I guess. We don't really know a whole lot about how the Provisional Licenses work, especially in regards to a situation like this. Deku did pass and has his license, but he also ended up dropping out of school. So it's kind of a gray area because we don't know if him dropping out of school cancels out his license. Realistically you'd think it should, because the whole point of going to the school is too graduate and become a hero. If Deku is able to drop out after receiving his Provisional License after 1 year, and still "legally" pursue this path of a hero, then imo it doesn't make sense for people to stick out the remaining years of school. Just get the Provisional License, drop out, and continue to be a hero.
So this is something that's probably going to have to get touched on, most likely after a few chapters of us spending time with Deku and doing hero work. We will probably get a scene with discussions of what to do with Deku taking place, but with all that's going on Deku may not exactly be a "top priority" if he does qualify as a vigilante because him being the main target is still unknown to a lot of people. We have to at least get some kind of comment on what this means for Dekus license, because as of right now it's unknown on what happens if you do drop out after receiving the license. Unless I missed something, but I don't recall much being touched on in regards to it.
We may ultimately not get anything, and it just ends up getting chalked up to "Japan is in a state of emergency. All heroes report for duty" in which case, Deku would still qualify as a hero I guess? I'd like this to get touched up on though, because it's kind of a confusing topic with people being like "well, no, he's a vigilante now" but we don't have any confirmation on if he is. He's 100% acting like one, doing things on his own, and not really taking anything else into account, but it's that license. That license is something we need more information on and how it works, because "legally" he could technically still qualify as a hero doing legal hero work because of it. We need to know if him leaving school affected his license status at all before we can say for sure.