The Birth mark is only ever explained as hereditary nothing more.
Dio getting a Stand while in Jonathan's body and using Jonathan's Blood is what awakens the other Joestars stands, and why Holly starts part 3. It's all but stated Jonathan's spirit somehow did that beyond the grave to defeat DIO. It's also while in the George Joestar Novel Jonathan gets the stand "The Passion" which could defeat a DIO who overcame everything else.
But as DIO was in Jonathan's body, he could use Jonathan's Canon stand, a Variant of Hermit Purple. But since Hermit Purple is Hamon, DIO didn't use it very often for obvious reasons, and when he did he used it for it's secondary properties, which may also be how the stands of the other Joestars were awakened. Stands were originally called Spirit Hamon for a reason
And it was more DIO had Star Platinum and Hermit Purple rather than all of the Joestars Stands (Diamond could reverse time, but the World Cannot do that. Meanwhile Star Platinum it turns out can stop time. Interesting). It may be because Josuke was well illegitimate (RIP Joseph's marriage) but he didn't have any sign of Josuke's stand.
Or Jolyenes
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Part 7 is JoJo now, but it started as not JoJo. Hard to explain but if you read it you'll probably see what I mean.
But basically part 7 is American Cripple Jonathan Joestar and Zeppelli do a Horse Race Across America to collect Jesus's corpse because the Mormons were right vs Dio who can turn into a Dinosaur, and Anime Donald Trump is the main villain, and the DIO with the World Randomly shows up at the end.
I'm also really not kidding lol