When I first started the Kanjuro is traitor train (believe it or not, I am the FIRST EVER who started this whole shit long ago during Orojackson even LOL, I can't believe it became this popular haha). Anyway, when anyone asks me about the reason for his betrayel, I always stated that his motives should be BEFORE he joined him, and not betrayed him waaay after.
Meaning, his plan from the get go was to overthrow Oden's father (previous shogun) and Kanjuro was simply getting close to Oden because even after they can manage to kill Oden's father, Oden is still the true rightful heir as long as he's alive, and even after his death, it will be Momo's....etc. So, someone close to Orochi had to get close to the rightful heir in order to not only dispose of Kozoki Sukiyaki, but also from oden who would take the throne after his father getting overthrown.
So, as far as it goes, it's not really a betrayel, but rather he is from the get go on the enemy side. And if Oda wants to make it personal, he can EASILY do it with the fact that Oden's father was a shogun, that alone can create many different scenarios where Kanjuro and his family got the short end of the stick with Sukiyaki ruling. Oda simply can write some good stuff out of this. And during the time Orochi was planning and scheming to take down Sukiyaki, he had to make someone get closer to Oden. Which is why I think it will be different than you picturing Luffy getting betrayed by his nakama.
besides, Luffy is Luffy, he's the luckiest, and he does have the power Mihawk spoke about making allies, and turning enemies into allies, Oden can be a mirror to Luffy, but it's a damn sure, not in everything. Cause Luffy as MC has the biggest luck and plot on his side LOL, where he is blessed to have Nakama who care for the crew more than their lives. Other crews are always vulnerable to betrayal EVEN THOUGH if Kanjuro joined him because he was following orochi, it isn't technically a betrayel, and rather following his mission is more accurate actually.