No, it wouldn't, because all the fruit does is allow for Vegapunk to eliminate the process off writing things down, and instead of referring back to notes when doing research, he just recalls previous information that he absorbed.
If he didn't have the fruit, He'd still be just as smart, but the process of his research would take longer because he'd have to constantly go back to notes, instead of just remembering. He'd still be able to invent all the things he has, and figure everything out that he has, on his own.