I don't know about taxation in the west but in my country indirect taxes are clubbed into one value added tax - GST.
As per new rates,
All food items, groceries, materials you need to build houses or maintain your vehicles, furniture making goods, stationery, accessories and clothes and so on will have only one indirect tax of just 5%.
Essential chemicals, fertilizers and so on will have 5% tax.
.
Essential medicines, life and health insurance will have no indirect tax.
Other medicines will have 5%...
Sin goods like tobacco will be taxed at 40%
As far as income taxes are concerned, then we have two regimes. People can pick what they prefer.
If they want their educational loan, home loan, insurance exempted from income tax then they can go for old regime in which anyone earning less than 2.5 lakh have to pay no taxes...
Anyone earning upto 5 lakhs have to pay only 5% ....
Between 5 to 20 lakh income - 20 % but home loan, and educational loan and insurance are exempted...
Agriculture income is totally exempted.
If people pick new regime
agricultural income and those who earn less than 4 lakhs are exempted from paying taxes...
Those who earn upto 8lakhs get rebates and have to pay just 5%