Because he always knew where Queen was, it wasn’t that Sanji only found Queen after he attacked the Geisha. Sanji literally figured out what happened to the geisha by reading Queens emotions and watching him.
At no point did Sanji show that he lost track of Queen nor did he have a realization of where Queen was. Hence why he was able to aim for specific parts of Queens body in his atta k.
Wishful interpretation.
Still doesn't explain why Sanji didn't destroy Queen much before he went to attack the Geisha. Especially when according to your interpretation, he knew where Queen was.
He doesn't need to listen to everything Queen thinks to understand that Queen was the one who hit the geisha earlier - he knew Queen could go invisible and he knew Queen went to hit her now. Putting 2+2 together ain't hard, especially when Sanji only remembers seeing the geisha injured and not hitting her.
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Even when he attacks Queen he asks him, "You did that, didn't you Queen?"
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Infact there are two panels where Sanji ia staring at an invisible Queen, not knowing where he is.
If Sanji can figure out where Queen was - he doesnt need to go invisible using speed in the first place.