There is already moderate evidence that Queen had some relationship or knew Vegapunk. His Plague bullets seem to be something that Caesar wanted to achieve but couldn't. The Numbers being from Punk Hazard almost support that idea.
This chapter almost solidifies his relationship with Judge and Vegapunk. If he is straight up recognizing Sanji by face, that is potentially why. Sanji's Germa suit also would add ties to this because Queen probably knows how to counter it.
Plus, Queen vs. Sanji has made sense for 70 chapters now. Eccentric personalities, perverted, doesn't seem to be primarily a swordsman (yes, King hasn't been shown either but he carries a Meito, which is signficant). Queen and King have a very similar relationship to Sanji/Zoro.
Just wait and see, now at this point I'm expecting, like with Jack/Kuri and Queen/Udon, King is the ruler of Ringo. King might actually recognize Zoro, being that the Shimotsuki clan was massacred. While allegedly it was Kaido that "squashed" the rebellion, it could have been King that killed Ushimaru. Considering that they look extremely similar and now we know that Onimaru is on the island, this might very well be explained soon.